Cardamom improves gut health by reducing inflammation, enhancing the gut barrier, and promoting beneficial bacteria through its rich content of phenolics, terpenoids, and polysaccharides.
It increases short-chain fatty acids, reduces harmful enzymes and toxins, and supports smoother digestion and gastrointestinal protection.
A MINI REVIEW ON THE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN DRIED CARDAMOM SEED AND ITS LEAF
Ajit, Amita & Varkey, Prashanth & D, Brijeetha. (2020). World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 9. 1410-1423. 10.20959/wjpr202014-19187.
This review explores the traditional and modern therapeutic potential of cardamom, emphasizing its phytochemical richness and biological activities. Cardamom seed extracts showed higher yields than leaf extracts and both demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and gastroprotective effects. Data were gathered from major scientific databases and local resources, highlighting growing interest in cardamom’s natural compounds. Despite its promising health benefits, systematic studies on its key phytocompounds and pharmacological mechanisms remain limited, calling for deeper investigation into its efficacy, safety, and toxicity.
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This review explores the traditional and modern therapeutic potential of cardamom, emphasizing its phytochemical richness and biological activities. Cardamom seed extracts showed higher yields than leaf extracts and both demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and gastroprotective effects. Data were gathered from major scientific databases and local resources, highlighting growing interest in cardamom’s natural compounds. Despite its promising health benefits, systematic studies on its key phytocompounds and pharmacological mechanisms remain limited, calling for deeper investigation into its efficacy, safety, and toxicity.
Protective Role of Phenolic Compounds from Whole Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) against LPS-Induced Inflammation in Colon and Macrophage Cells.
Cisneros-Zevallos, L., Sreedharan, S., & Nair, V. (2023). Nutrients, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132965.
This study analyzed the chemical profile of whole cardamom, its skin, and seeds, identifying 11 phenolics and 16 terpenoids. It tested methanolic extracts of whole cardamom on colon and macrophage cells inflamed with LPS. The extracts significantly reduced pro-inflammatory genes (NFkβ, TNFα, IL-6, COX2) and reactive oxygen species, without causing toxicity. In macrophages, it also increased anti-inflammatory nuclear receptors LXRα and PPARγ. The findings suggest cardamom may help combat low-grade gut inflammation and could be explored further in animal models.
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This study analyzed the chemical profile of whole cardamom, its skin, and seeds, identifying 11 phenolics and 16 terpenoids. It tested methanolic extracts of whole cardamom on colon and macrophage cells inflamed with LPS. The extracts significantly reduced pro-inflammatory genes (NFkβ, TNFα, IL-6, COX2) and reactive oxygen species, without causing toxicity. In macrophages, it also increased anti-inflammatory nuclear receptors LXRα and PPARγ. The findings suggest cardamom may help combat low-grade gut inflammation and could be explored further in animal models.
Evaluation of the gastric antiulcerogenic effect of large cardamom (fruits of Amomum subulatum Roxb)
M.A. Jafri, Farah, Kalim Javed, Surender Singh,
Journal of Ethnopharmacology,
Volume 75, Issues 2–3,
2001,
Pages 89-94,
ISSN 0378-8741,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00398-6.
This study evaluated the gastroprotective effects of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum) used in Unani medicine for digestive issues. Methanolic extracts and various fractions were tested in rats with gastric lesions induced by ethanol, aspirin, and pylorus ligation. The essential oil, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate fractions significantly reduced ethanol-induced lesions. The ethyl acetate fraction also increased gastric mucus, suggesting mucosal protection. These findings support large cardamom’s traditional use for gastrointestinal disorders.
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This study evaluated the gastroprotective effects of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum) used in Unani medicine for digestive issues. Methanolic extracts and various fractions were tested in rats with gastric lesions induced by ethanol, aspirin, and pylorus ligation. The essential oil, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate fractions significantly reduced ethanol-induced lesions. The ethyl acetate fraction also increased gastric mucus, suggesting mucosal protection. These findings support large cardamom’s traditional use for gastrointestinal disorders.
Recent advances in the extraction, chemical composition, therapeutic potential, and delivery of cardamom phytochemicals.
Ahmad, N., Huang, Q., Xiao, J., , A., Tian, W., Zou, Y., Farooq, S., & Zengliu, S. (2022). Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1024820.
This article reviews recent advances in extracting and utilizing phytochemicals from black and green cardamom. Key bioactives like 1,8-cineole and α-terpinyl acetate show antioxidant, gastroprotective, and antimicrobial properties. Advanced extraction and encapsulation techniques enhance their stability and bioavailability. Cardamom phytochemicals inhibit pathogens, biofilms, and oxidative stress, supporting their use in nutraceuticals and functional foods. Further research is needed to optimize dosing and formulations for large-scale therapeutic use.
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This article reviews recent advances in extracting and utilizing phytochemicals from black and green cardamom. Key bioactives like 1,8-cineole and α-terpinyl acetate show antioxidant, gastroprotective, and antimicrobial properties. Advanced extraction and encapsulation techniques enhance their stability and bioavailability. Cardamom phytochemicals inhibit pathogens, biofilms, and oxidative stress, supporting their use in nutraceuticals and functional foods. Further research is needed to optimize dosing and formulations for large-scale therapeutic use.
Dose effects of the food spice cardamom on aspects of hamster gut physiology.
Huang, Y., Sheu, F., Lin, J., Chau, C., & Yen, G. (2007). Molecular nutrition & food research, 51 5, 602-8 . https://doi.org/10.1002/MNFR.200600249.
This study evaluated the effects of a pectic polysaccharide-rich extract from Amomum villosum (cardamom) on gut health in hamsters. The extract significantly improved gastrointestinal transit, increased fecal moisture, and boosted short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. It also reduced harmful fecal enzymes and toxic ammonia production. The active polysaccharides were primarily pectic and hemicellulose compounds. These findings support the traditional use of cardamom for improving gut health and suggest an effective dosage starting at 0.5 g/100 g diet.
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This study evaluated the effects of a pectic polysaccharide-rich extract from Amomum villosum (cardamom) on gut health in hamsters. The extract significantly improved gastrointestinal transit, increased fecal moisture, and boosted short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. It also reduced harmful fecal enzymes and toxic ammonia production. The active polysaccharides were primarily pectic and hemicellulose compounds. These findings support the traditional use of cardamom for improving gut health and suggest an effective dosage starting at 0.5 g/100 g diet.
